VOVK, Nejc ;RAVNIK , Jure . Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena. Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering, [S.l.], v. 71, n.9-10, p. 337-348, september 2025. ISSN 0039-2480. Available at: <https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/>. Date accessed: 12 nov. 2025. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340.
Vovk, N., & Ravnik , J. (2025). Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena. Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 71(9-10), 337-348. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340
@article{sv-jmesv-jme.2025.1340,
author = {Nejc Vovk and Jure Ravnik },
title = {Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena},
journal = {Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering},
volume = {71},
number = {9-10},
year = {2025},
keywords = {water hammer; cavitation; water column separation; CFD; Euler equation; Navier-Stokes equations; OpenFOAM; method of characteristics; },
abstract = {Water hammer phenomena in pipelines can induce significant transient pressure surges, leading to structural failures and operational inefficiencies. This study presents a comparative analyzis of two numerical approaches for simulating water hammer: a one-dimensional (1D) inviscid model with added friction based on the Euler equations and the method of characteristics, and a three-dimensional (3D) viscous model utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations in OpenFOAM. Benchmarking problems are solved first, then both methods are used to study a 3.4 km long DN400 pipeline subject to sudden pump failure by analyzing pressure surges, cavitation, and water column separation. The 1D model effectively predicts transient pressure waves and cavitation conditions with minimal computational cost, while the 3D model provides a detailed representation of multiphase flow dynamics, including cavitation bubble growth and collapse via the volume of fluid method. To mitigate adverse effects, a dynamic combination air valve is introduced, and its effectiveness in reducing pressure surges and cavitation is demonstrated. The results highlight the trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy in modelling water hammer events and underscore the importance of protective measures in pipeline systems.},
issn = {0039-2480}, pages = {337-348}, doi = {10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340},
url = {https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/}
}
Vovk, N.,Ravnik , J. 2025 September 71. Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena. Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering. [Online] 71:9-10
%A Vovk, Nejc %A Ravnik , Jure %D 2025 %T Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena %B 2025 %9 water hammer; cavitation; water column separation; CFD; Euler equation; Navier-Stokes equations; OpenFOAM; method of characteristics; %! Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena %K water hammer; cavitation; water column separation; CFD; Euler equation; Navier-Stokes equations; OpenFOAM; method of characteristics; %X Water hammer phenomena in pipelines can induce significant transient pressure surges, leading to structural failures and operational inefficiencies. This study presents a comparative analyzis of two numerical approaches for simulating water hammer: a one-dimensional (1D) inviscid model with added friction based on the Euler equations and the method of characteristics, and a three-dimensional (3D) viscous model utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations in OpenFOAM. Benchmarking problems are solved first, then both methods are used to study a 3.4 km long DN400 pipeline subject to sudden pump failure by analyzing pressure surges, cavitation, and water column separation. The 1D model effectively predicts transient pressure waves and cavitation conditions with minimal computational cost, while the 3D model provides a detailed representation of multiphase flow dynamics, including cavitation bubble growth and collapse via the volume of fluid method. To mitigate adverse effects, a dynamic combination air valve is introduced, and its effectiveness in reducing pressure surges and cavitation is demonstrated. The results highlight the trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy in modelling water hammer events and underscore the importance of protective measures in pipeline systems. %U https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/ %0 Journal Article %R 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340 %& 337 %P 12 %J Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering %V 71 %N 9-10 %@ 0039-2480 %8 2025-09-19 %7 2025-09-19
Vovk, Nejc, & Jure Ravnik . "Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering [Online], 71.9-10 (2025): 337-348. Web. 12 Nov. 2025
TY - JOUR AU - Vovk, Nejc AU - Ravnik , Jure PY - 2025 TI - Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena JF - Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering DO - 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340 KW - water hammer; cavitation; water column separation; CFD; Euler equation; Navier-Stokes equations; OpenFOAM; method of characteristics; N2 - Water hammer phenomena in pipelines can induce significant transient pressure surges, leading to structural failures and operational inefficiencies. This study presents a comparative analyzis of two numerical approaches for simulating water hammer: a one-dimensional (1D) inviscid model with added friction based on the Euler equations and the method of characteristics, and a three-dimensional (3D) viscous model utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations in OpenFOAM. Benchmarking problems are solved first, then both methods are used to study a 3.4 km long DN400 pipeline subject to sudden pump failure by analyzing pressure surges, cavitation, and water column separation. The 1D model effectively predicts transient pressure waves and cavitation conditions with minimal computational cost, while the 3D model provides a detailed representation of multiphase flow dynamics, including cavitation bubble growth and collapse via the volume of fluid method. To mitigate adverse effects, a dynamic combination air valve is introduced, and its effectiveness in reducing pressure surges and cavitation is demonstrated. The results highlight the trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy in modelling water hammer events and underscore the importance of protective measures in pipeline systems. UR - https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/
@article{{sv-jme}{sv-jme.2025.1340},
author = {Vovk, N., Ravnik , J.},
title = {Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena},
journal = {Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering},
volume = {71},
number = {9-10},
year = {2025},
doi = {10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340},
url = {https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/}
}
TY - JOUR AU - Vovk, Nejc AU - Ravnik , Jure PY - 2025/09/19 TI - Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena JF - Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering; Vol 71, No 9-10 (2025): Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering DO - 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1340 KW - water hammer, cavitation, water column separation, CFD, Euler equation, Navier-Stokes equations, OpenFOAM, method of characteristics, N2 - Water hammer phenomena in pipelines can induce significant transient pressure surges, leading to structural failures and operational inefficiencies. This study presents a comparative analyzis of two numerical approaches for simulating water hammer: a one-dimensional (1D) inviscid model with added friction based on the Euler equations and the method of characteristics, and a three-dimensional (3D) viscous model utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations in OpenFOAM. Benchmarking problems are solved first, then both methods are used to study a 3.4 km long DN400 pipeline subject to sudden pump failure by analyzing pressure surges, cavitation, and water column separation. The 1D model effectively predicts transient pressure waves and cavitation conditions with minimal computational cost, while the 3D model provides a detailed representation of multiphase flow dynamics, including cavitation bubble growth and collapse via the volume of fluid method. To mitigate adverse effects, a dynamic combination air valve is introduced, and its effectiveness in reducing pressure surges and cavitation is demonstrated. The results highlight the trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy in modelling water hammer events and underscore the importance of protective measures in pipeline systems. UR - https://www.sv-jme.eu/sl/article/comparison-of-1d-euler-and-3d-navier-stokes-simulation-methods-for-water-hammer-phenomena/
Vovk, Nejc, AND Ravnik , Jure. "Comparison of 1D Euler Equation Based and 3D Navier-Stokes Simulation Methods for Water Hammer Phenomena" Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering [Online], Volume 71 Number 9-10 (19 September 2025)
Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71(2025)9-10, 337-348
© The Authors 2025. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Water hammer phenomena in pipelines can induce significant transient pressure surges, leading to structural failures and operational inefficiencies. This study presents a comparative analyzis of two numerical approaches for simulating water hammer: a one-dimensional (1D) inviscid model with added friction based on the Euler equations and the method of characteristics, and a three-dimensional (3D) viscous model utilizing the Navier-Stokes equations in OpenFOAM. Benchmarking problems are solved first, then both methods are used to study a 3.4 km long DN400 pipeline subject to sudden pump failure by analyzing pressure surges, cavitation, and water column separation. The 1D model effectively predicts transient pressure waves and cavitation conditions with minimal computational cost, while the 3D model provides a detailed representation of multiphase flow dynamics, including cavitation bubble growth and collapse via the volume of fluid method. To mitigate adverse effects, a dynamic combination air valve is introduced, and its effectiveness in reducing pressure surges and cavitation is demonstrated. The results highlight the trade-offs between computational efficiency and accuracy in modelling water hammer events and underscore the importance of protective measures in pipeline systems.