GHAFOURI, Ashkan ;TOGHRAEI, Davood . An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation. Articles in Press, [S.l.], v. 0, n.0, p. , may 2025. ISSN 0039-2480. Available at: <https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/an-empirical-investigation-on-the-thermal-conductivity-of-a-hybrid-nanofluid-mgo-znoeg-and-proposal-of-a-novel-multivariate-correlation/>. Date accessed: 11 sep. 2025. doi:http://dx.doi.org/.
Ghafouri, A., & Toghraei, D. (0). An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation. Articles in Press, 0(0), . doi:http://dx.doi.org/
@article{.,
author = {Ashkan Ghafouri and Davood Toghraei},
title = {An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation},
journal = {Articles in Press},
volume = {0},
number = {0},
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keywords = {Correlation; Temperature; Solid volume fraction; Nanoparticles’ diameter; Thermal conductivity; Hybrid nanofluid; },
abstract = {New studies in the field of nanofluids have recently focused on the enhanced thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. These hybrid nanofluids aim to address limitations and issues commonly associated with single-component nanofluids. The primary objective was to examine the heat conduction coefficient of an innovative hybrid nanofluid, which consisted of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol as the base fluid. To assess the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, a mixture containing a 50-50% ratio of the two different nanoparticles was studied, varying from 0.2% to 1%. Additionally, the impact of temperature variations on the heat conduction coefficient was evaluated by precisely controlling six distinct temperatures, covering a range of 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. The research also examined the impact of nanoparticle diameter on the thermal conductivity coefficient, considering three nanoparticle size ranges: 20, 55, and 90 nanometers. Under the conditions of the smallest particle diameter, maximum temperature, and highest solid fraction, the experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofluid showed the most significant enhancement in heat conduction coefficient, with an observed increase of 11.48%. Furthermore, a novel multivariate correlation function was proposed in this study to analyze the three main parameters. This function was obtained through linear regression and the MANOVA technique, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.99 and a maximum deviation of 1.15%. Nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction were found to play crucial roles in determining the heat conduction coefficient of the nanofluid, as emphasized through the assessment of the examined variables. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the hybrid nanofluid's heat conduction coefficient was most sensitive to changes in the nanoparticle diameter of 20 nanometers, the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and the concentration of 1%.},
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Ghafouri, A.,Toghraei, D. 0 May 0. An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation. Articles in Press. [Online] 0:0
%A Ghafouri, Ashkan %A Toghraei, Davood %D 0 %T An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation %B 0 %9 Correlation; Temperature; Solid volume fraction; Nanoparticles’ diameter; Thermal conductivity; Hybrid nanofluid; %! An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation %K Correlation; Temperature; Solid volume fraction; Nanoparticles’ diameter; Thermal conductivity; Hybrid nanofluid; %X New studies in the field of nanofluids have recently focused on the enhanced thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. These hybrid nanofluids aim to address limitations and issues commonly associated with single-component nanofluids. The primary objective was to examine the heat conduction coefficient of an innovative hybrid nanofluid, which consisted of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol as the base fluid. To assess the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, a mixture containing a 50-50% ratio of the two different nanoparticles was studied, varying from 0.2% to 1%. Additionally, the impact of temperature variations on the heat conduction coefficient was evaluated by precisely controlling six distinct temperatures, covering a range of 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. The research also examined the impact of nanoparticle diameter on the thermal conductivity coefficient, considering three nanoparticle size ranges: 20, 55, and 90 nanometers. Under the conditions of the smallest particle diameter, maximum temperature, and highest solid fraction, the experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofluid showed the most significant enhancement in heat conduction coefficient, with an observed increase of 11.48%. Furthermore, a novel multivariate correlation function was proposed in this study to analyze the three main parameters. This function was obtained through linear regression and the MANOVA technique, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.99 and a maximum deviation of 1.15%. Nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction were found to play crucial roles in determining the heat conduction coefficient of the nanofluid, as emphasized through the assessment of the examined variables. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the hybrid nanofluid's heat conduction coefficient was most sensitive to changes in the nanoparticle diameter of 20 nanometers, the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and the concentration of 1%. %U https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/an-empirical-investigation-on-the-thermal-conductivity-of-a-hybrid-nanofluid-mgo-znoeg-and-proposal-of-a-novel-multivariate-correlation/ %0 Journal Article %R %& %P 1 %J Articles in Press %V 0 %N 0 %@ 0039-2480 %8 2025-05-13 %7 2025-05-13
Ghafouri, Ashkan, & Davood Toghraei. "An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation." Articles in Press [Online], 0.0 (0): . Web. 11 Sep. 2025
TY - JOUR AU - Ghafouri, Ashkan AU - Toghraei, Davood PY - 0 TI - An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation JF - Articles in Press DO - KW - Correlation; Temperature; Solid volume fraction; Nanoparticles’ diameter; Thermal conductivity; Hybrid nanofluid; N2 - New studies in the field of nanofluids have recently focused on the enhanced thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. These hybrid nanofluids aim to address limitations and issues commonly associated with single-component nanofluids. The primary objective was to examine the heat conduction coefficient of an innovative hybrid nanofluid, which consisted of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol as the base fluid. To assess the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, a mixture containing a 50-50% ratio of the two different nanoparticles was studied, varying from 0.2% to 1%. Additionally, the impact of temperature variations on the heat conduction coefficient was evaluated by precisely controlling six distinct temperatures, covering a range of 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. The research also examined the impact of nanoparticle diameter on the thermal conductivity coefficient, considering three nanoparticle size ranges: 20, 55, and 90 nanometers. Under the conditions of the smallest particle diameter, maximum temperature, and highest solid fraction, the experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofluid showed the most significant enhancement in heat conduction coefficient, with an observed increase of 11.48%. Furthermore, a novel multivariate correlation function was proposed in this study to analyze the three main parameters. This function was obtained through linear regression and the MANOVA technique, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.99 and a maximum deviation of 1.15%. Nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction were found to play crucial roles in determining the heat conduction coefficient of the nanofluid, as emphasized through the assessment of the examined variables. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the hybrid nanofluid's heat conduction coefficient was most sensitive to changes in the nanoparticle diameter of 20 nanometers, the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and the concentration of 1%. UR - https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/an-empirical-investigation-on-the-thermal-conductivity-of-a-hybrid-nanofluid-mgo-znoeg-and-proposal-of-a-novel-multivariate-correlation/
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TY - JOUR AU - Ghafouri, Ashkan AU - Toghraei, Davood PY - 2025/05/13 TI - An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation JF - Articles in Press; Vol 0, No 0 (0): Articles in Press DO - KW - Correlation, Temperature, Solid volume fraction, Nanoparticles’ diameter, Thermal conductivity, Hybrid nanofluid, N2 - New studies in the field of nanofluids have recently focused on the enhanced thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. These hybrid nanofluids aim to address limitations and issues commonly associated with single-component nanofluids. The primary objective was to examine the heat conduction coefficient of an innovative hybrid nanofluid, which consisted of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol as the base fluid. To assess the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, a mixture containing a 50-50% ratio of the two different nanoparticles was studied, varying from 0.2% to 1%. Additionally, the impact of temperature variations on the heat conduction coefficient was evaluated by precisely controlling six distinct temperatures, covering a range of 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. The research also examined the impact of nanoparticle diameter on the thermal conductivity coefficient, considering three nanoparticle size ranges: 20, 55, and 90 nanometers. Under the conditions of the smallest particle diameter, maximum temperature, and highest solid fraction, the experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofluid showed the most significant enhancement in heat conduction coefficient, with an observed increase of 11.48%. Furthermore, a novel multivariate correlation function was proposed in this study to analyze the three main parameters. This function was obtained through linear regression and the MANOVA technique, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.99 and a maximum deviation of 1.15%. Nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction were found to play crucial roles in determining the heat conduction coefficient of the nanofluid, as emphasized through the assessment of the examined variables. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the hybrid nanofluid's heat conduction coefficient was most sensitive to changes in the nanoparticle diameter of 20 nanometers, the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and the concentration of 1%. UR - https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/an-empirical-investigation-on-the-thermal-conductivity-of-a-hybrid-nanofluid-mgo-znoeg-and-proposal-of-a-novel-multivariate-correlation/
Ghafouri, Ashkan, AND Toghraei, Davood. "An Empirical Investigation on the Thermal Conductivity of a Hybrid Nanofluid (MgO-ZnO/EG) and Proposal of a Novel Multivariate Correlation" Articles in Press [Online], Volume 0 Number 0 (13 May 2025)
Articles in Press
New studies in the field of nanofluids have recently focused on the enhanced thermophysical properties of hybrid nanofluids. These hybrid nanofluids aim to address limitations and issues commonly associated with single-component nanofluids. The primary objective was to examine the heat conduction coefficient of an innovative hybrid nanofluid, which consisted of zinc oxide and magnesium oxide nanoparticles dispersed in ethylene glycol as the base fluid. To assess the influence of nanoparticle volume fraction, a mixture containing a 50-50% ratio of the two different nanoparticles was studied, varying from 0.2% to 1%. Additionally, the impact of temperature variations on the heat conduction coefficient was evaluated by precisely controlling six distinct temperatures, covering a range of 25 to 50 degrees Celsius. The research also examined the impact of nanoparticle diameter on the thermal conductivity coefficient, considering three nanoparticle size ranges: 20, 55, and 90 nanometers. Under the conditions of the smallest particle diameter, maximum temperature, and highest solid fraction, the experimental results demonstrated that the hybrid nanofluid showed the most significant enhancement in heat conduction coefficient, with an observed increase of 11.48%. Furthermore, a novel multivariate correlation function was proposed in this study to analyze the three main parameters. This function was obtained through linear regression and the MANOVA technique, yielding a coefficient of determination of 0.99 and a maximum deviation of 1.15%. Nanoparticle diameter, nanofluid temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction were found to play crucial roles in determining the heat conduction coefficient of the nanofluid, as emphasized through the assessment of the examined variables. Sensitivity analysis further indicated that the hybrid nanofluid's heat conduction coefficient was most sensitive to changes in the nanoparticle diameter of 20 nanometers, the temperature of 50 degrees Celsius, and the concentration of 1%.