Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology

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DU, Delei ;LI, Yana ;SONG, Jian ;HE, Zhengping ;XU, Jianxin .
Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology. 
Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering, [S.l.], v. 71, n.11-12, p. 381-388, june 2025. 
ISSN 0039-2480.
Available at: <https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/>. Date accessed: 12 dec. 2025. 
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308.
Du, D., Li, Y., Song, J., He, Z., & Xu, J.
(2025).
Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology.
Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 71(11-12), 381-388.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308
@article{sv-jmesv-jme.2025.1308,
	author = {Delei  Du and Yana  Li and Jian  Song and Zhengping  He and Jianxin  Xu},
	title = {Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology},
	journal = {Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering},
	volume = {71},
	number = {11-12},
	year = {2025},
	keywords = {Underframe; Structural optimization; Collaborative Optimization; Lightweighting; },
	abstract = {The design of the metro body structure must balance both safety and cost indicators. The underframe is not only the main load-bearing component of the metro body but also accounts a significant portion of its overall mass. To reduce operational costs and enhance the safety performance of the metro body, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the underframe. A two-stage optimization approach was proposed, addressing the limitation of existing methods and the challenges in balancing realistic operating conditions with manufacturability. First, manufacturing constraints were incorporated using the variable density method, and topology optimization of the underframe sub-model was carried out with the objective of minimizing flexibility-weighted strain energy. Next, the rough topology was refined through parametric optimization after determining the approximate shape of the cross section, resulting in a more precise model. The results show that the proposed optimization method reduces underframe mass by about 4.7 % while lowering the maximum deflection of the metro car body under the maximum vertical load case by 0.601 mm. This demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently combines optimization capabilities with simplicity.},
	issn = {0039-2480},	pages = {381-388},	doi = {10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308},
	url = {https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/}
}
Du, D.,Li, Y.,Song, J.,He, Z.,Xu, J.
2025 June 71. Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology. Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering. [Online] 71:11-12
%A Du, Delei 
%A Li, Yana 
%A Song, Jian 
%A He, Zhengping 
%A Xu, Jianxin 
%D 2025
%T Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology
%B 2025
%9 Underframe; Structural optimization; Collaborative Optimization; Lightweighting; 
%! Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology
%K Underframe; Structural optimization; Collaborative Optimization; Lightweighting; 
%X The design of the metro body structure must balance both safety and cost indicators. The underframe is not only the main load-bearing component of the metro body but also accounts a significant portion of its overall mass. To reduce operational costs and enhance the safety performance of the metro body, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the underframe. A two-stage optimization approach was proposed, addressing the limitation of existing methods and the challenges in balancing realistic operating conditions with manufacturability. First, manufacturing constraints were incorporated using the variable density method, and topology optimization of the underframe sub-model was carried out with the objective of minimizing flexibility-weighted strain energy. Next, the rough topology was refined through parametric optimization after determining the approximate shape of the cross section, resulting in a more precise model. The results show that the proposed optimization method reduces underframe mass by about 4.7 % while lowering the maximum deflection of the metro car body under the maximum vertical load case by 0.601 mm. This demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently combines optimization capabilities with simplicity.
%U https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/
%0 Journal Article
%R 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308
%& 381
%P 8
%J Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
%V 71
%N 11-12
%@ 0039-2480
%8 2025-06-25
%7 2025-06-25
Du, Delei, Yana  Li, Jian  Song, Zhengping  He, & Jianxin  Xu.
"Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering [Online], 71.11-12 (2025): 381-388. Web.  12 Dec. 2025
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Du, Delei 
AU  - Li, Yana 
AU  - Song, Jian 
AU  - He, Zhengping 
AU  - Xu, Jianxin 
PY  - 2025
TI  - Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology
JF  - Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
DO  - 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308
KW  - Underframe; Structural optimization; Collaborative Optimization; Lightweighting; 
N2  - The design of the metro body structure must balance both safety and cost indicators. The underframe is not only the main load-bearing component of the metro body but also accounts a significant portion of its overall mass. To reduce operational costs and enhance the safety performance of the metro body, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the underframe. A two-stage optimization approach was proposed, addressing the limitation of existing methods and the challenges in balancing realistic operating conditions with manufacturability. First, manufacturing constraints were incorporated using the variable density method, and topology optimization of the underframe sub-model was carried out with the objective of minimizing flexibility-weighted strain energy. Next, the rough topology was refined through parametric optimization after determining the approximate shape of the cross section, resulting in a more precise model. The results show that the proposed optimization method reduces underframe mass by about 4.7 % while lowering the maximum deflection of the metro car body under the maximum vertical load case by 0.601 mm. This demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently combines optimization capabilities with simplicity.
UR  - https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/
@article{{sv-jme}{sv-jme.2025.1308},
	author = {Du, D., Li, Y., Song, J., He, Z., Xu, J.},
	title = {Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology},
	journal = {Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering},
	volume = {71},
	number = {11-12},
	year = {2025},
	doi = {10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308},
	url = {https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/}
}
TY  - JOUR
AU  - Du, Delei 
AU  - Li, Yana 
AU  - Song, Jian 
AU  - He, Zhengping 
AU  - Xu, Jianxin 
PY  - 2025/06/25
TI  - Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology
JF  - Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering; Vol 71, No 11-12 (2025): Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering
DO  - 10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308
KW  - Underframe, Structural optimization, Collaborative Optimization, Lightweighting, 
N2  - The design of the metro body structure must balance both safety and cost indicators. The underframe is not only the main load-bearing component of the metro body but also accounts a significant portion of its overall mass. To reduce operational costs and enhance the safety performance of the metro body, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the underframe. A two-stage optimization approach was proposed, addressing the limitation of existing methods and the challenges in balancing realistic operating conditions with manufacturability. First, manufacturing constraints were incorporated using the variable density method, and topology optimization of the underframe sub-model was carried out with the objective of minimizing flexibility-weighted strain energy. Next, the rough topology was refined through parametric optimization after determining the approximate shape of the cross section, resulting in a more precise model. The results show that the proposed optimization method reduces underframe mass by about 4.7 % while lowering the maximum deflection of the metro car body under the maximum vertical load case by 0.601 mm. This demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently combines optimization capabilities with simplicity.
UR  - https://www.sv-jme.eu/article/two-stage-optimal-design-of-metro-underframe-structures-based-on-topology-size-shape-co-optimization-methodology/
Du, Delei, Li, Yana, Song, Jian, He, Zhengping, AND Xu, Jianxin.
"Two-Stage Optimal Design of Metro Underframe Structures: Based on Topology-Size-Shape Co-Optimization Methodology" Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering [Online], Volume 71 Number 11-12 (25 June 2025)

Authors

Affiliations

  • Key Laboratory of Railway Industry on Safety Service Key Technologies for High-speed Train, CRRC College, Dalian Jiaotong University, China 1

Paper's information

Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 71(2025)11-12, 381-388
© The Authors 2025. CC BY 4.0 Int.

https://doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2025.1308

The design of the metro body structure must balance both safety and cost indicators. The underframe is not only the main load-bearing component of the metro body but also accounts a significant portion of its overall mass. To reduce operational costs and enhance the safety performance of the metro body, this paper focuses on optimizing the design of the underframe. A two-stage optimization approach was proposed, addressing the limitation of existing methods and the challenges in balancing realistic operating conditions with manufacturability. First, manufacturing constraints were incorporated using the variable density method, and topology optimization of the underframe sub-model was carried out with the objective of minimizing flexibility-weighted strain energy. Next, the rough topology was refined through parametric optimization after determining the approximate shape of the cross section, resulting in a more precise model. The results show that the proposed optimization method reduces underframe mass by about 4.7 % while lowering the maximum deflection of the metro car body under the maximum vertical load case by 0.601 mm. This demonstrates that the proposed framework efficiently combines optimization capabilities with simplicity.

Underframe; Structural optimization; Collaborative Optimization; Lightweighting;